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fabrication
Fabrication is a
term that is generally applied to the industry of building metal machines and structures. The term also
relates to the use of semiconductor device fabrication and non-metal
manufacturing . A small business that specialize in any type of metal fabrication
is
called a Fab shop.
Fab and machine shops have overlapping capabilities, with
fabrication shops concentrating on metal forming and welding.
Metal fabrication
A fabrication shop will place a bid on a specific job, usually based on the engineering drawings,
and if awarded the contract will build the product to specification.
The fabrication shops are usually employed by contractors, OEM's and VAR's. Typical
projects include machining loose parts, structural frames for buildings and heavy
equipment, and hand railings and stairs for buildings.
Planning
When they Fabrication shop has been awarded the bid, the shop will begin planning the job.
A purchasing
agents will be responsible for ordering materials needed. If
specialized fabrication equipment is needed some aspects of the job will
be sub-contracted out to another shop. A manufacturing engineer
will program CNC machines for the order as needed.
Raw materials
A list of standard raw materials used by metal fabricators
is as follows;
plate metal
tube stock, CDSM
square stock
sectional metals (I beams, W beams, C-channel...)
welding wire
fittings
expanded and formed metals
hardware
castings
Cutting and burning
Once a job is create certain raw material needed must be cut to size. This is done with a variety of
tools;
Special band saws designed for cutting metal have a
feed mechanism for even cutting and hardened blades to make clean cuts
through the hard metal surface. Chop saws (abrasive cut-off saws) Similar to miter saws but with a steel cutting abrasive
disk. A cutting torch will use very little effort to cut very large sections of steel.
Plasma
and Laser burn tables are the most commonly used. The plate steel is loaded on a table
and the parts are cut out as programmed. Some very expensive burn tables also
include CNC punch capability, with a carousel of different punches and
taps.
More information about metal fabrication
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